The Eparchy of Jagdalpur is situated in the Bastar region of the state of Chhattisgarh in the south-east India. The lion's portion of this region is covered with forests. It is one of the most backward and under developed parts of the country. The inhabitants are mainly tribal groups known for their ancient traditions and culture. Agriculture offers basic sustenance to them. The Bastar division is divided into 7 revenue districts: Bastar, Kanker, Dantewada, Bijapur, Narayanpur, Kondagaon and Sukma. The Eparchy covers an area of 39176 Sq. Kms. Its population is constituted of Adivasis, Harijans and other groups. Adivasis, who form the major bulk of the population (68%), are of different tribes, namely, Muria, Maria, Halba, Bhatra, Dorla, etc. People speak dialects such as Muria, Halbi, Bhatri, Gondi, Chattisgarhi, etc. Hindi is the official language of the people. The literacy level is very low. The people are poor and their livelihood mainly depends upon agriculture, fishing, hunting, etc. The tribal culture of Bastar has its own uniqueness. Navakhana, Ama Tyohar, Matti Pooja, Hariyali, Diyari, Dashera, etc. are some of their major feasts. The Bastar division was part of the Diocese of Mylapore till 1806. Then it was included in the Vicariate Apostolic of Madras. In 1845, Bastar became a part of the Vicariate Apostolic of Vishakhapatnam. On 15 August 1966, this region was added to the Prefecture Apostolic of Raipur. The Pilar Fathers (SFX) were entrusted with the missionary activities in this area. They gave a good start by establishing a school at Kirandul and a social welfare centre at Jagdalpur to help the people. On 23 March 1972, Jagdalpur was made an exarchate in Syro Malabar Hierarchy and was entrusted to the St. Joseph's Province of the Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI). Monsignor Paulinus Jeerakath CMI was made the exarch. On 26 February 1977 Pope Paul VI elevated the exarchate of Jagdalpur to the rank of an eparchy and Mar Paulinus Jeerakath CMI was appointed its first bishop. He was ordained on 11 May 1977.

The motto of Mar Paulinus was “nirbhikta se samartya se” meaning “without fear and with all strength”. All his actions, decisions and thoughts reflected this ideology. During the 18 years of his episcopate, Mar Paulinus was able to establish a centre or an institution in all major towns, namely, at Bijapur, Sukma, Geedam, Kanker, Kondagaon, Narayanpur, and Bhanupratappur. Mar Paulinus laid a strong foundation for the Church in Bastar. A major contribution of Mar Paulinus was establishing balbhavans for the education of poor children. He drew inspiration from the vision of St. Kuriakose Elias Chavara. Mar Paulinus founded Deen Bandhu Samaj (DBS), Congregation of the Friends of the Poor, a congregation for consecrated women to imitate Christ, the friend of the poor. One of the obstacles of the mission in Bastar was a lack of infrastructure. This region was lacking better transportation facilities.  The missionaries had to travel by bullock carts. Mar Paulinus asked his missionaries to construct roads in the villages with the help of the CRS food for work programme.

He encouraged missionaries to devote more resources to improve the productivity of the farm sector. Though there was scarcity of personnel and money, several schools, old age homes, Cathedral church, grihini schools for adult women, etc. were established during the tenure of Mar Paulinus. On 6 August 1990, Mar Paulinus Jeerakath was called to eternal rest. Then, Fr. Kurian Macheril CMI was elected the administrator of the eparchy. His term lasted for two years and seven months. Fr. Kurian Macheril was  an effetive administrator.

On 28 January 1993, Mar Simon Stock Palathra CMI was appointed the second bishop of the eparchy and was ordained on 19 March 1993. Mar Simon Stock Palathra CMI was a man of simplicity and missionary zeal. His motto was “for God and his people”. Mar Simon Stock Palathra contributed to the growth of the eparchy tremendously. MPM Hospital Jagdalpur, was established as a referral hospital in 1997 for the health care of the people of this remote area. Diocesan minor seminaries were established at Parpa in 1998 and at Kondagaon in 2000. To coordinate the pastoral and evangelization ministries of the eparchy, the Good Shepherd Pastoral Centre was established at Aghanpur in 2009. Mission stations at Chottebettia, Kutni, Junawar, Boregaon, Charama, Bandam, Mardum, Palnar, and Bhairamgarh were opened in his period. He invited several institutes of consecrated life to work in the Eparchy of Jagdalpur. On 16 July 2013, Mar Joseph Kollamparampil CMI was appointed as the third Bishop of Jagdalpur and was ordained on 17 September 2013. His motto is "I come to do your will". Reflecting this motto, from the beginning of his episcopate, he has been encouraging the pastoral and missionary undertakings. Under the leadership of Mar Joseph Kollamparampil CMI, the missionary activities of the Eparchy of Jagdalpur are reaching out to the peripheries. His vision is to bring education to all the people of Bastar. During the first five years of his episcopate, schools were opened at Karitgaon, Chindgarh, Potanar, Dewda, Charama, Bijapur, and Antgarh. Perpetual adoration centers were opened at Jagdalpur, Kondagaon, Bacheli, Kolchoor, Bande, Bijapur and Kanker.